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University practice guide

What? So What? Now What?

University of Edinburgh · Reflection Toolkit

Why read this?

Edinburgh’s guide presents a three-stage reflection model: describe an experience, explore its significance and plan a response. It traces the approach to Borton and later adaptations, and cautions that the three headings alone may not produce deep reflection. More specific questions can strengthen the analysis. For this course, choose a recent, manageable experience rather than your entire life story. Separate observations from interpretations, include other people’s perspectives where available, and identify one change you can try. Give the experiment a review date. A useful reflection can end in a revised question or a request for support as well as an action.

Read the original ↗

A question to work with

What happened, what else might explain it, and what small action will you review next week?

Make a reading note

  1. Write the author’s main claim in your own words.
  2. Identify what supports it and where its limits might be.
  3. Describe one way it changes—or does not change—your next decision.

Use the evidence section of your project to keep the note alongside your own observations.